Publications, lectures and audits

Here there are several areas of work to review. The specific areas of work are as follows:

Lectures
Binocular Vision meetings
Papers published
Published Confrence Abstracts
Contribution to Published Grand Rounds
Letters Published
Papers Published Non-Opthalmology
Book Reviews
Books
Audits
Referee to Following Journals
JOURNAL CLUBS

Binocular Vision for Optometry
Kowal Hook for Tight Muscles
Media Interviews
Iris Angiography

Papers Published

Louis J. Stevenson, Sheetal Shirke, Elaine Y. H. Wong & Lionel Kowal .

Single Muscle Transposition in the Management of Monocular Elevation Deficiency,

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility 2019

Gao T , Kowal L et al
Optical treatment of amblyopia in older children and adults is essential prior to enrollement in a clinical trial.
Opthalmic and Physiol Opt 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12437

Gao T , Kowal L et al
Effectiveness of a Binocular Video Game vs Placebo Video game For Improving Visual Function in Older Children,Teenagers and Adults with Amblyopia .
JAMA Ophthalmol. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6090

Mathew A, Kowal L
Conjunctival granuloma post pulley fixation suture.
J AAPOS 21 (2017) pp. 342-343 DOI information:
>10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.03.012

Matalia J, Anaspure H, Panmand P, Kowal L.
Fixation-linked nondissociated hypotropia: a report of 3 cases.
J AAPOS. 2014 Oct;18(5):498-500. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.06.015. Epub 2014 Sep 27.

Halachmi-Eyal O; Kowal L, Current Opinion In Ophthalmology [Curr Opin Ophthalmol], ISSN: 1531-7021, 2013 Sep; Vol. 24 (5), pp. 432-7;
Assessing abnormal head posture: a new paradigm

Logan Mitchell, MBChB, FRANZCO,and Lionel Kowal, MBBS, FRANZCO
Medial rectusmuscle pulley posterior fixation sutures
in accommodative and partially accommodative
esotropia with convergence excess.
J AAPOS 2012;16:125-130

Elina Landa,Shimon Rumelt,Claudia Yahalom, Elaine Wong and Lionel Kowal3
Amblyopia and Foveal Thickness
Advances in Ophthalmology, ISBN: 978-953-51-0248-9

De Liano, R; Kowal L; Putteman, A; Romero Apis D; Scott AB; Velez F
Tratamiento quirurgico del Sindrome de Duane Bilateral
Acta Estrabologica
Vil XL, No. 1, 2011. Pp 89-96

Yahlom c,McNab A,Ben Simon G, Kowal L
Lateral orbitotomy in the management of challenging exotropia.," Link to Figures.
J Pediatr Opthalmol Strabismus. 2009 July-August;46(4);223-5

Michael C. Fahey, Phillip D. Cremer, Swee T. Aw, Lynette Millist, Michael J. Todd, Owen B. White, Michael Halmagyi, Louise A. Corben, Veronica Collins, Andrew J. Churchyard, Kim Tan, Lionel Kowal, and Martin B. Delatycki
Vestibular, saccadic and fixation abnormalities in genetically confirmed Friedreich ataxia
Brain Advance Access published on January 30, 2008.
doi:10.1093/brain/awm323

Oxybutynin - associated esotropia.
Wong EY, Harding A, Kowal L
J AAPOS 2007 Dec; 11(6):624-5.

Botulinum Toxin in the treatment of Strabismus. A review of its use and effects.
Kowal l, Wong E, Yahalom C.
Disabil rehabil. 2007 dec 15;29(23) :1823-31

Chiari 1 malformation presenting as strabismus.
Kowal L, Yahalom C, Shuey NH.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2006;21(1):18-26.

Lateral rectus muscle disinsertion and reattachment to the lateral orbital wall
Morad Y, Kowal L, Scott AB.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Aug;89(8):983-5.

The clinicopathologic basis of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a review.
Kloprogge S, Kowal L, Wall J, Frauman AG.
Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005 May-Jun;15(3):315-23.

The Ophthalmologist and Learning Disabilities.
Hertle R.W., Kowal L., Yeates K.
American Academy of Ophthalmology 'Focal Points'. 23(2): 1-12; March 2005.

Refractive surgery and strabismus.
Kowal L, Battu R, Kushner B.
Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005,33:90-6.

Anti-GM1 antibodies: the cause of otherwise unexplained ophthalmoplegias?
Kowal L, Gajus M, Kornberg A.
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. August 2004, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 411-414(4)

Clinical application of the multifocal visual evoked potential. Case Report
Crewther D, Luu C, Kiely P, Kowal L, Crewther S.
Clinical and Experimental Optometry May 2004, 87.3, 163-170.

Enlarged muscle strabismus
Kowal L, Cochrane S, McKelvie P, Bigault O
de Faber JT, ed. Progress in strabismology: 9th meeting of the International Strabismological Association, Sydney, Australia

Hereditary Hyperferritinemia- Cataract Syndrome
Craig,Clark,Mcleod,Kirkland,Elder,Kowal et al
Arch Ophthalmology 2003;121, 1743-1761

Acute esotropia in heroin withdrawal: a case series.
Kowal L, Mee J.J., Nadkarni S, Kalff S, Kozminsky M.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2003 Fall;18(3): 163-6.

Pediatric ophthalmology in Australia.
Kowal L.
J AAPOS. 2003 Oct;7(5):311-3.

Heterozygous mutations of the kinesin KIF21A in Congenital Fibrosis of the ExtraOcular
Muscles type 1 (CFEOM1).
Kowal L, et al.
Nat Genet 2003:35,318-321.

Central and peripheral vision loss associated with nefazodone usage.
Luu C., Kiely P., Crewther D., Kowal L., Crewther S.
Documenta Ophthalmologica May 2003 106(3): 319-325

Fixation linked hypotropia in high myopia.
Kowal L., Kumar V.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2003 Spring; 18(1): 32-34

Cirugia refractiva y estrabismo: icomo evitar complicationes y diplopia!
de Faber J.T. and Kowal L.
Acta Estrabologica 2003; 32 (1).

Spontaneous recovery from inferior rectus contracture (consecutive hypotropia) following local anesthetic injury .
Sutherland S, Kowal L.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2003 Spring-Summer; 18(2): 99-100.

Hereditary Hyperferritinemia - Cataract Syndrome: Prevalence, Lens Morphology, Spectrum of Mutations, and Clinical Presentations
Craig J.E, McLeod J, Gumley S, Mackey D.A., Wirth G, Elder J, Kowal L, Clark B, Kirkland M.
Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121 1753-1761

Diplopia after Refractive Surgery: occurrence and prevention.
Kushner B, Kowal L.
Archives of Ophthalmology. March 2003 121(3) 315-21

Diplopia as a complication of laser in situ keratomileusis Surgery.
Yap EY, Kowal L.
Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2001 Aug 29:4 268-71

Refractive surgery and diplopia.
Kowal L.
Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2000 Oct 28:5 344-6

A 10 year old boy with Duane Syndrome
Ruttum M,Kowal L et al
JPOS, 37:107-110;2000

Changes as the result of ageing in extraocular muscles: a post-mortem study.
McKelvie P, Friling R, Davey K, Kowal L.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1999 Dec 27:6 420-5

Squint: strabismus and Amblyopia
Kowal, L.
Current Therapeutics Nov. 1999 26-30

The Heimann-Bielscholwsky phenomenon: dissociated vertical nystagmus.
Davey K, Kowal L, Friling R, Georgievski Z, Sandbach J.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1998 Aug 26:3 237-40

The snapped inferior rectus.
Kowal L, Wuttiphan S, McKelvie,P.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1998 Feb 26:1 29-35

Facial muscle spasms: an Australian study.
Kowal L, Davies R, Kiely PM.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1998 May 26:2 123-8

Refractive versus corneal changes after photorefractive keratectomy for astigmatism.
Alpins, NA, Tabin GC, Adams LM, Aldred GF Kowal L.
Jrnl of Refractve Surgery 1998 July-August Vol. 14(4)

Review of facial and muscle spasms.
Kiely P, Kowal L,
Clinical and Experimental Optometry 1997 March/April Vol 80 No 2

Diplopia following subcutaneous injections of botulinum A toxin for facial
spasms.
Wuttiphan S, Kowal L. O'Day J, Jones S, Price J.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1997 Jul-Aug 34:4 229-34

Evaluating torsion with torsionometer, synoptophore, double maddox rod
test and maddox wing: reliability study.
Georgievski Z, Kowal L.
Australian Orthoptic Journal

Assessment of subjective pain following photorefractive keratectomy.
McCarty C A, Garrett K M, Aldred G F, Taylor H R, Kowal L. et al.
Jnl of Refractive Surgery 1996 March/April Vol. 12(3)

Facial tics.
Kowal L.
Aust Fam Physician 1995 Oct 24:10 1870-1

Supranuclear downgaze saccadic palsy persisting after total ophthalmoplegia
following severe head trauma.
Georgievski Z, Kowal L, Wilkinson R, McCartney P J.
Aust Orthoptic Jnl 1995 31, 41-44

A survey of symptomatic ocular torsion.
Georgievski Z, Kowal L.
Strabismus 1995, 3 (4): 169

A 10 year study on the ocular manifestations of head injury.
Georgievski Z, Kowal L, Hollenbach E.
In Louly M, editor. West Meets East. Transactions of the VIIIth International
Orthoptic Congress, Kyoto, Japan, October 8 to 11, 1995: 63-67

MRI in the heavy eye phenomenon.
Kowal L, Troski M, Gilford E.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1994 May 22:2 125-6

Choroidal folds in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Kowal L, Georgievski Z.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1994 Aug 22:3 216

The eyes in head injury and traumatic brain damage.
Kowal L, Georgievski, Z.
Think Magazine, March/April 1992

Cosmetic corneal tattooing.
Kowal L, Steiner H.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1992 Feb 20:1 69-70

Ophthalmic manifestations of head injury.
Kowal L.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1992 Feb 20:1 35-40

Arterial macroaneurysm of the optic disc.
Kowal L, Steiner H.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1991 Feb 19:1 75-7

Headaches and the ophthalmologist.
Kowal L.
Aust Fam Physician 1991 Sep 20:9 1326-7

Botulinum toxin.
Kowal L.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1988 Aug 16:3 264-6

Abnormal fibrinolysis in retinal vein occlusion.
Favilla I, Stubbs K, Kowal L.
Aust J Ophthalmol 1981 Aug 9:3 213-8

CASE PRESENTATION

Morning Glory Disc anomaly

Endophalmitis

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Published Conference Abstracts

Phospholine iodide in the treatment of refractive accommodative and high AC/A ratio intermittent esotropia: a preliminary report.
Georgievski Z, Kowal L, Wutthiphan S, Friling R, Davey K.
Strabismus 1997, 5(1): 35

Torticollis driven by the amblyopic eye.
Kowal L, Colville D, Georgievski Z, Friling R.
Strabismus 1997, 5(1): 37

The distance "Krimsky".
Kowal L, Davey K, Friling K, Georgievski Z.
Strabismus 1997, 5(1): 35

Biposa 2009

2010 Israel Opthalmological Society

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Contribution to Published Grand Rounds

Grand Rounds #60: a case of persistent diplopia after four surgical procedures for Duane's syndrome.
Ainsworth JR, Campos EC, Good WV, Gupta B, Kowal L.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2000 Winter 15:4 344-8

Case history of boy with Duane's Syndrome
Jnl Ped. Ophth and Strab. 2000 (2): 109

Grand Rounds #49: A case of bilateral asymmetric Duane syndrome with fixation with the more affected eye.
Kushner BJ, Egbert JE, Ellis FJ, Foster RS, Kowal L, Kraft SP, Lueder GT.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 1998 Spring-Fall 13:1 1st Qtr 38-44

Grand Rounds # 44: Face turn in nystagmus: the important role of alternating monocular occlusion in the assessment.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 1996 11:268-274

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Letters Published

Letter to the Editor
Kowal L.
Re: " congenitally enlarged extraocular muscles: can congenital thyriod eye disease exist in a euthyroid infant?'
Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 May-Jun;23(3):253

LASIK for hyperopia. [Letter to Editor]
Kowal L.
Ophthalmology. 2005 Oct;112(10):1847; author reply 1847. No abstract
available.

Tic disorders in children with frequent blinking.
Kowal L.
JAAPOS 2004;8:594

Pediatric Ohthalmology in Australia
Kowal L.
JAAPOS Vol 7, Num 5 2003

Visual complications of warfarin.
Kowal L., Harper C.A.
Med J Aust. 2002 Apr 1; 176(7):351

PEDIG study on amblyopia; vision therapy by atropine penalization versus occlusion.
Kowal L.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2002 Winter; 17(4):275.

Evaluation of fourth cranial nerve palsies.
Kowal L.
Strabismus 1999 Jun 7:2 137

Pretarsal injections of botulinum toxin improve blepharospasm in previously unresponsive patients.
Kowal L.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997 Oct 63:4 556

Dissociated deviations: fixation linked or caused by inattention.
Binocular Vision Quarterly 1997 Vol 12 p12

Who needs botulinum toxin?
Aust & NZ Jnl Ophth. 1992 Feb

Contrast sensitivity letter chart as a test of visual function in amblyopia.
Kowal L.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991 May-Jun 28:3 180

Tendon lengthening procedures.
Kowal L.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1991 May 19:2 162-4

Retinal vein occlusion.
Doc Ophth 1988

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Golding T, Brennan N, Kowal L.
Med J Aust 1988 Sep 19 149:6 339-40

Botulinum toxin - the need for a controlled study.
Kowal L.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1988 Nov 16:4 372

The contrast sensitivity function and childhood amblyopia.
Kowal L.
Am J Ophthalmol 1987 Dec 15 104:6 671-3

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Papers Published Non-Opthalmology

Contraceptive pitfalls.
Kowal, L.
Aust Fam Physician 1979 Jan 8:1 93

Non-gonococcal urethritis.
Kowal L.
Med J Aust 1978 Jul 1 2:1 30

Atopic cough in children.
Kowal L.
Med J Aust 1977 Jan 1-8 1: 41

Treatment of prodromal shingles.
Kowal L.
Med J Aust 1989 Feb 20 150:4 227-8

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Book Reviews

In "Binocular Vision Quarterly" 10:No1. P59.
Review of 'Simultaneous Horizontal and Cyclovertical Surgery' by Gobin & Bierlaagh.

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Books

‘Strabismus Surgery: Innovative and Classic Approaches’

Dr Irene Ludwig

Dr Kowal is a co-author

Presentation by most co-authors #1

Presentation by most co-authors #2

Author of Strabismus section of Post Graduate Nursing Textbook, Royal Victorian
Eye and Ear Hospital.

Author of Strabismus section of World Book Medical Encyclopaedia.

"Refractive Surgery and Diplopia".
Kowal L. & Battu R.

Step by Step Lasik surgery. Chapter 13.
Ed: Vajpayee et al. 2003

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Audits

2013: 200 consecutive cases of Bimedial Recession for esotropia presented at 2013 ANZ Strabismus Society meeting

2009:119 cases of consecutive exotropia.

2008:28 cases of superior oblique surgery

2008:86 cases of esotropia and hyperopia of +6 or more

2008:Recent experience with the medial rectus pulley suture: an audit of the first 15 cases

2007: Incidence of need to trim or remove 5/0 Vicryl suture after adjustable sutures.

2007: Audit of re-operations for patients having surgery in 2005.
In 2005 there were 192 patients having a first or second strabismus surgery.
Looking at what happened to these patients by September 2007, 4.7% of these patients had required another surgery (an average of 26 months later). This is an EXTREMELY low re-operation rate.

2005: surgery for congenital nystagmus

2005: 20 cases of Phospholine use

2003: 95 consecutive bimedial recession operations. Dr. Battu, March, 2003.

2002: Review of 50 consecutive cases of exotropia

2001: Review of repeat surgeries on Ocular Motility Clinic presented to Clinical Review Committee, R.V.E.E.H, December 11, 2001

1991: Personal series of 400 cases of fourth nerve palsies

1993: Personal series of 100 exotropia surgeries

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